Abstract:
Mangrove at Bintuni bay offers various services to indigenous communities from ecology, social, and economic. Mangrove also could be harvested accordingly to optimize constribution to indigenous communities welfares. This paper highlights implementation of customary right compensation (CRC), and forest village development program (FVDP) of mangrove company at Bintuni bay, Papua Barat. Company reports and documents related to CRCand FVDP from 1988 to june 2013 were reviewed and analyzed. Field works were conducted to examine the implementation of both program at four villagesof two districts. Sustained mangrove harvest for chipwood production in Bintuni bay for more than 25 years is the most outstanding achievement of mangrove utilization and management in Indonesia. Huge amount of expenditure have been spent out, and given to the indigenous communities through CRC and FVDP programs, respectively. These cover from economic, social, and environmental related programs, manufactured public facilities, scholarship, and others. However, the indigenous communities are remained poor, and failed of being selft-sufficient community. It clearly impressess that the main goals to improve the welfare, prosperity of indigenous people are considerable failed. It is presumable that social culture systems, subsistence agricultural practices contribute to the failing these programs. Mostly, forest communities in Papua are practicing subsistence agriculture, hunting, heavily relying on their surrouding natural resources, and spending all their cash or money instantly for consumption, not for saving, investment or even productive activities. Therefore, several program could be initiated to improve in achieving the CRC and FVDP mission,such as building capacity, providing counselors and strengthen local community governance, which could accelarate of being self-reliant community.
